Bandingkan kaedah

	Model Struktur Marginal dalam Penyelidikan Pendidikan	Perbezaan-dalam-Perbezaan (Diff-in-Diff)
Bidang	Inferens Kausal	Ekonometrik
Keluarga	Regression model	Regression model
Tahun asal	2000 (method); 2006 (canonical education application)	1994
Pengasas	James M. Robins, Miguel A. Hernán, Babette Brumback (epidemiology); Guanglei Hong & Stephen Raudenbush (education application)	Card & Krueger (canonical 1994 application); Angrist & Pischke (textbook treatment)
Jenis	Causal inference / weighted regression model	Causal inference / panel regression
Sumber perintis	Robins, J. M., Hernan, M. A., & Brumback, B. (2000). Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology. Epidemiology, 11(5), 550-560.	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355
Alias	MSM, marginal structural model, MSM with inverse probability weighting, IPW-MSM	diff-in-diff, DiD, Farkların Farkı (Diff-in-Diff)
Berkaitan	5	5
Ringkasan	A marginal structural model (MSM) is a causal inference technique that uses inverse probability weighting to estimate the effect of a treatment or educational intervention that changes over time. Introduced by Robins, Hernán and Brumback (2000) in epidemiology and brought into education by Hong and Raudenbush (2006), MSMs handle time-varying confounding — a challenge that conventional regression cannot resolve.	Difference-in-Differences is a causal-inference method that estimates the effect of an intervention by comparing how a treatment group and a control group change over time. Made famous by Card and Krueger's 1994 minimum-wage study and developed in Angrist and Pischke's Mostly Harmless Econometrics, it isolates the treatment effect as the difference between the two groups' before-after changes.