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| Ujian Otot Manual× | Ukuran Kebebasan Fungsian× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Fisioterapi | Fisioterapi |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1940s | 1984 |
| Pengasas≠ | Lucille Daniels and Catharine Worthingham | Carl Granger and Byron Hamilton |
| Jenis≠ | Clinical examination technique | Outcome measurement scale |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Kendall, F. P., McCreary, E. K., Provance, P. G., Rodgers, M. M., & Romani, W. A. (2005). Muscles: Testing and function with posture and pain (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. link ↗ | Granger, C. V., Hamilton, B. B., Keith, R. A., Zielezny, M., & Sherwin, F. S. (1986). Advances in functional assessment for medical rehabilitation. Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation, 1(3), 59-74. link ↗ |
| Alias | MMT, Muscle strength assessment | FIM, FIM+FAM |
| Berkaitan | 3 | 3 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Manual muscle testing (MMT) is a clinical examination technique that quantifies muscle strength by applying manual resistance to isometric contractions and grading the result on a standardized scale (typically 0-5). Developed by Daniels and Worthingham in the 1940s, MMT remains the primary bedside method for assessing muscle weakness in neuromuscular and neurological disorders, establishing rehabilitation baselines, and monitoring treatment effectiveness. | The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) is an 18-item standardized assessment of functional status and disability that measures the level of assistance required for activities of daily living (ADLs) and mobility in individuals with disabilities. Developed by Granger and Hamilton in the 1980s, the FIM has become a standard outcome measure in rehabilitation medicine, enabling comparison across facilities and tracking recovery progress from admission through discharge. |
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