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| Skala Penilaian Mania Belia (YMRS)× | Skala Sindrom Positif dan Negatif (PANSS)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikiatri | Psikiatri |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1978 | 1987 |
| Pengasas≠ | Robert C. Young | Stanley R. Kay |
| Jenis | Clinician-administered rating scale | Clinician-administered rating scale |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Young, R. C., Biggs, J. T., Ziegler, V. E., & Meyer, D. A. (1978). A rating scale for mania: Reliability, validity and sensitivity. British Journal of Psychiatry, 133(5), 429–435. DOI ↗ | Kay, S. R., Fiszbein, A., & Opler, L. A. (1987). The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13(2), 261–276. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | YMRS | PANSS |
| Berkaitan | 3 | 3 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The YMRS is an 11-item clinician-administered rating scale designed to assess the severity of manic and hypomanic symptoms in bipolar disorder. Developed by Young and colleagues in 1978, it is the gold standard outcome measure in bipolar disorder research and the primary efficacy endpoint in mood stabilizer and antipsychotic trials for acute mania. The YMRS captures core mania features (elevated mood, increased goal-directed activity, racing thoughts, reduced need for sleep, increased talkativeness, distractibility, and irritability) and is sensitive to both pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions. | The PANSS is a 30-item clinician-administered scale designed to measure the presence and severity of positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, disorganization), negative symptoms (affective flattening, alogia, avolition), and general psychopathology in schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. Developed by Kay, Fiszbein, and Opler in 1987, the PANSS has become the standard rating scale in schizophrenia research, antipsychotic medication trials, and clinical monitoring. It provides comprehensive assessment across three symptom domains and yields a total score reflecting overall disease severity. |
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