Bandingkan kaedah

	Penyelidikan Tinjauan Longitudinal	Radas Panel
Bidang	Reka Bentuk Penyelidikan	Reka Bentuk Penyelidikan
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	Mid-20th century (formalized ~1950s–1970s)	1970s-1980s (econometric formalization); earlier social survey use from 1940s
Pengasas	Survey methodology tradition; codified in social sciences by scholars including W.S. Robinson (1950) and later Scott Menard	Social science and econometric traditions; systematized by Cheng Hsiao and others from the 1970s-1980s
Jenis	Quantitative observational research design	Quantitative longitudinal observational design
Sumber perintis	Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922452	Hsiao, C. (2003). Analysis of Panel Data (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0521522717
Alias	longitudinal survey study, repeated-measures survey, prospective survey design, panel survey	panel study, panel survey, longitudinal panel, repeated-measures panel
Berkaitan	5	3
Ringkasan	Longitudinal survey research collects structured questionnaire data from the same individuals (or units) at two or more points in time. Unlike a one-shot cross-sectional survey, this design captures change, stability, and temporal ordering of variables — enabling researchers to track trajectories, test causal sequences, and distinguish cohort effects from aging effects within a quantitative framework.	Panel research is a quantitative longitudinal design in which the same individuals, organizations, or other units are measured repeatedly across two or more time points. Unlike cross-sectional surveys that capture a single snapshot, a panel tracks change within units, enabling researchers to separate genuine within-unit change from between-unit differences and to model causal dynamics over time.