Bandingkan kaedah

	Tinjauan Longitudinal	Tinjauan Dalam Talian
Bidang	Metodologi Tinjauan	Metodologi Tinjauan
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1940s (panel survey tradition); longitudinal designs codified mid-20th century	Mid-1990s (widespread scholarly adoption ~1995–2000)
Pengasas	Established tradition; formalized in social science by Paul Lazarsfeld and colleagues (1940s panel studies)	Mick P. Couper, Don A. Dillman (early systematic frameworks)
Jenis	Quantitative / mixed-methods survey design	Quantitative / mixed-methods data collection technique
Sumber perintis	Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922292	Couper, M. P. (2000). Web surveys: A review of issues and approaches. Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(4), 464–494.
Alias	panel survey, repeated-measures survey, longitudinal panel study, wave survey	web survey, internet survey, e-survey, computer-assisted web interviewing
Berkaitan	3	6
Ringkasan	A longitudinal survey collects structured questionnaire data from the same individuals or units at two or more distinct points in time. By tracking the same respondents across waves, researchers can distinguish genuine change from stable individual differences, establish temporal ordering between variables, and model trajectories of attitudes, behaviors, or outcomes in ways that a single cross-sectional snapshot cannot support.	An online survey is a structured data collection instrument hosted on a web platform and completed by respondents via internet-connected devices. It enables large-scale, geographically dispersed data gathering at low cost and with rapid turnaround. Respondents self-administer the questionnaire at their convenience, which reduces interviewer bias and permits automatic data capture. Online surveys are the dominant mode of survey research in social, behavioural, health, and market research today.