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| Pembangunan Skala Longitudinal× | Pembangunan Skala Multilevel× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikometrik | Psikometrik |
| Keluarga | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| Tahun asal | 1990s–2000s | 1990s–2000s |
| Pengasas≠ | Meredith, Millsap, and colleagues | Raudenbush, Bryk, Hox and colleagues |
| Jenis≠ | Scale construction framework | Hierarchical measurement / scale construction |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Millsap, R. E. (2011). Statistical Approaches to Measurement Invariance. Routledge. ISBN: 978-0805864311 | Hox, J. J. (2010). Multilevel Analysis: Techniques and Applications (2nd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1848728462 |
| Alias | LSD, longitudinal measurement development, repeated-measures scale construction, scale development with panel data | multilevel measurement modeling, hierarchical scale development, MLSEM scale construction, nested data scale development |
| Berkaitan≠ | 6 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Longitudinal scale development is the systematic process of constructing and validating a measurement instrument using data collected at multiple time points. It extends classical scale development by additionally testing whether the scale measures the same construct in the same metric across occasions, enabling valid tracking of change over time. | Multilevel scale development constructs and validates measurement instruments for data collected from individuals nested within higher-level units such as classrooms, organizations, or clinics. It partitions item variance into within-group and between-group components, ensuring that reliability and factor structure are evaluated at both levels simultaneously. |
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