Bandingkan kaedah

	Etnografi Institusional Longitudional	Etnografi Longitudinal
Bidang	Kualitatif	Kualitatif
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1987 (IE foundation); longitudinal applications from 1990s onward	1920s (classical origins); refined 1990s–2000s
Pengasas	Dorothy E. Smith (institutional ethnography); longitudinal extension by subsequent IE practitioners	Rooted in classical anthropological fieldwork (Malinowski, 1922); systematised for sociological revisits by Michael Burawoy (2003)
Jenis	Qualitative longitudinal research design	Qualitative research design
Sumber perintis	Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759106598	Burawoy, M. (2003). Revisits: An outline of a theory of reflexive ethnography. American Sociological Review, 68(5), 645–679.
Alias	longitudinal IE, time-extended institutional ethnography, longitudinal IE study, IE longitudinal design	extended ethnography, long-term fieldwork, sustained ethnographic study, longitudinal field research
Berkaitan	6	5
Ringkasan	Longitudinal Institutional Ethnography (longitudinal IE) combines Dorothy Smith's sociology of standpoint — institutional ethnography — with repeated data collection over time to trace how institutional texts, relations, and ruling practices shape people's everyday lives across a temporal span. By revisiting the same participants, settings, or documents at multiple time points, it reveals how institutional coordination evolves, accumulates, or intensifies over weeks, months, or years.	Longitudinal ethnography is a qualitative research design in which a researcher conducts sustained, repeated fieldwork with the same community, organisation, or group across an extended period — months to decades. By returning to the field at multiple time points, the researcher captures how social processes, meanings, and structures evolve, making it the only qualitative method capable of directly observing change and continuity in lived experience.