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| Fungsi Item Berbeza Sederhana (Longitudinal DIF)× | Ujian Kemeruapan Pengukuran× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikometrik | Psikometrik |
| Keluarga | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1980s–2000s | 2000 |
| Pengasas≠ | Multiple contributors; foundational DIF methods by Lord (1980) extended to longitudinal designs | Vandenberg & Lance |
| Jenis≠ | Item-level bias detection across time | Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis procedure |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Millsap, R. E., & Kwok, O. M. (2004). Evaluating the impact of partial factorial measurement invariance on selection in two groups. Psychological Methods, 9(1), 93–115. DOI ↗ | Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4–70. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | longitudinal DIF, DIF across time, temporal DIF, longitudinal item bias | Factorial Invariance, Measurement Equivalence, Configural-Metric-Scalar Testing, Ölçüm Değişmezliği |
| Berkaitan≠ | 6 | 3 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Longitudinal differential item functioning detects whether individual test or scale items behave differently across measurement occasions for the same respondents. It extends standard DIF methodology to repeated-measures designs, ensuring that observed change scores genuinely reflect construct change rather than shifts in item characteristics over time. | Measurement invariance testing is a sequence of nested confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models that examines whether a psychological scale measures the same latent construct in the same way across distinct groups or time points. Systematized and popularized by Vandenberg and Lance (2000), the procedure tests a hierarchy of constraints — from identical factor patterns to identical item intercepts — so that researchers can justify meaningful group comparisons on latent means. |
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