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| Pembinaan Skala Likert× | Kesan Batas Bawah dan Batas Atas× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikometrik | Psikometrik |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1932 | 2000 |
| Pengasas≠ | Rensis Likert | Classical psychometrics |
| Jenis≠ | Summated rating scale methodology | Measurement validity assessment |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Likert, R. (1932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 22(140), 1-55. link ↗ | McHorney, C. A. (2000). Ten recommendations for measuring health status. Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes, 2(1), 1-5. link ↗ |
| Alias≠ | Likert summated rating scale, Summated rating scale construction | Floor effect, Ceiling effect, Psychometric floor effect, Measurement floor |
| Berkaitan≠ | 5 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Likert scale construction is a systematic methodology for developing attitude measurement instruments using summated rating scales. Introduced by Rensis Likert in 1932, it enables researchers to quantify latent constructs such as attitudes, beliefs, and psychological states by aggregating responses across multiple items. The method remains foundational to quantitative social and health sciences research. | Floor and ceiling effects are psychometric phenomena in which a disproportionately large proportion of respondents achieve the lowest (floor) or highest (ceiling) possible score on a measurement scale. These effects compromise scale reliability and responsiveness, limiting the instrument's ability to distinguish among respondents and detect meaningful change over time. Systematic assessment of floor and ceiling effects is essential for evaluating the psychometric adequacy of health-related quality-of-life scales, functional status measures, and other patient-reported outcomes. |
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