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| Penilaian Kitar Hayat (LCA)× | Perakaunan Jejak Ekologi× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Kemampanan | Kemampanan |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 2009 | 1996 |
| Pengasas≠ | ISO 14040 framework; Finnveden et al. | Mathis Wackernagel & William Rees |
| Jenis≠ | Environmental impact accounting pipeline | Environmental accounting indicator |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Finnveden, G., et al. (2009). Recent developments in life cycle assessment. Journal of Environmental Management, 91(1), 1–21. DOI ↗ | Wackernagel, M., & Rees, W. (1996). Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on the Earth. New Society Publishers. ISBN: 978-0-86571-312-3 |
| Alias | Life Cycle Analysis, Cradle-to-Grave Analysis, Ecobalance, Yaşam Döngüsü Değerlendirmesi | EFA, Ecological Footprint Analysis, Biocapacity Accounting, Ekolojik Ayak İzi |
| Berkaitan≠ | 3 | 2 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Life Cycle Assessment is a systematic, ISO-standardized methodology for quantifying the environmental impacts of a product, process, or service across its entire life span — from raw material extraction through production, use, and end-of-life disposal. Codified in ISO 14040 and ISO 14044, and comprehensively reviewed by Finnveden et al. (2009), LCA enables decision-makers to compare alternatives, identify environmental hotspots, and support eco-design, with applications spanning products, buildings, energy systems, and public policy. | Ecological Footprint Accounting (EFA) is a resource accounting framework that measures how much biologically productive land and water area a human population requires to produce the resources it consumes and to absorb the waste it generates. Introduced by Mathis Wackernagel and William Rees in 1996, it compares human demand on nature against Earth's regenerative capacity, expressed in standardized global hectares (gha). |
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