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| Penggantian Leksikal× | Sematik BERT× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Perlombongan Teks | Perlombongan Teks |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 2007 | 2019 |
| Pengasas≠ | McCarthy & Navigli (SemEval shared task, 2007/2009) | Devlin, Chang, Lee & Toutanova (Google AI) |
| Jenis≠ | NLP lexical-level text transformation | Contextual transformer text-representation method |
| Sumber perintis≠ | McCarthy, D. & Navigli, R. (2009). The English Lexical Substitution Task. Language Resources and Evaluation, 43(2), 139-159. link ↗ | Devlin, J., Chang, M.-W., Lee, K. & Toutanova, K. (2019). BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding. NAACL-HLT, 4171-4186. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | sözcüksel ikame, Sözcüksel İkame (Lexical Substitution), context-aware synonym replacement, word-level paraphrasing | contextual embeddings, transformer embeddings, BERT Tabanlı Metin Gömülmeleri |
| Berkaitan | 4 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Lexical substitution is a natural-language-processing task — formalised by McCarthy and Navigli through the SemEval shared task series starting in 2007 — that replaces a target word in a sentence with a semantically equivalent alternative that preserves the meaning of the surrounding context. It draws on synonym resources such as WordNet or on distributional word embeddings and masked language models to generate and rank candidate replacements, and is used for text robustness testing, style adaptation, and training-data augmentation. | BERT-based text embeddings, introduced by Devlin and colleagues at Google AI in 2019, turn text into context-sensitive dense vectors using a bidirectional Transformer encoder. Because the meaning of a word shifts with its context, BERT produces richer representations than static methods such as Word2Vec or topic models like LDA. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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