Bandingkan kaedah

	PengeLCManan K-means	Analisis Komponen Utama	Autoenkoder Variasi
Bidang	Pembelajaran Mesin	Pembelajaran Mesin	Pembelajaran Mendalam
Keluarga	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
Tahun asal	1967 (formalized 1982)	2002	2014
Pengasas	MacQueen, J. B.; Lloyd, S. P.	Jolliffe, I.T. (textbook); Pearson & Hotelling (origins)	Kingma, D. P. & Welling, M.
Jenis	Partitional clustering	Unsupervised dimensionality reduction	Deep generative latent-variable model (encoder–decoder)
Sumber perintis	Lloyd, S. P. (1982). Least squares quantization in PCM. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 28(2), 129–137.	Jolliffe, I.T. (2002). Principal Component Analysis (2nd ed.). Springer.	Kingma, D. P. & Welling, M. (2014). Auto-Encoding Variational Bayes. International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR).
Alias	k-means clustering, Lloyd's algorithm, k-means partitioning, hard k-means	Temel Bileşenler Analizi (PCA), PCA, principal components analysis, Karhunen-Loève transform	Değişkensel Otokodlayıcı (VAE), VAE, auto-encoding variational Bayes, deep latent variable model
Berkaitan	4	3	5
Ringkasan	K-means is a classic unsupervised partitional clustering algorithm that divides a dataset into K non-overlapping groups by iteratively assigning each observation to its nearest centroid and updating centroids as the mean of their assigned points. It is one of the most widely used exploratory tools in machine learning and data analysis.	Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is an unsupervised dimensionality-reduction method — given its modern textbook treatment by Ian Jolliffe (2002) — that compresses high-dimensional data into fewer dimensions while preserving the maximum possible variance. It re-expresses correlated variables as a small set of uncorrelated principal components ordered by how much of the data's variation each one captures.	The Variational Autoencoder (VAE) is a deep generative latent-variable model, introduced by Diederik Kingma and Max Welling in 2014, that encodes data as a probability distribution in a latent space and samples from that distribution to generate new examples. It is used for data generation, anomaly detection, and feature learning.