Bandingkan kaedah

	Kajian Kes Interpretif	Grounded Theory	Fenomenologi Hermeneutik	Penyelidikan Naratif
Bidang	Kualitatif	Penyelidikan Kualitatif	Kualitatif	Penyelidikan Kualitatif
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1978–1995 (Stake's foundational works)	1967	Philosophical roots 1927 (Heidegger); systematic research method from 1980s–1990s	2000
Pengasas	Robert E. Stake; extended by Bent Flyvbjerg	Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss	Martin Heidegger (philosophical foundation); Max van Manen (methodological application)	D. Jean Clandinin and F. Michael Connelly
Jenis	Qualitative research design	Method	Qualitative research method	Method
Sumber perintis	Stake, R. E. (1995). The Art of Case Study Research. Sage. ISBN: 978-0803957671	Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine.	van Manen, M. (1990). Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy. State University of New York Press. ISBN: 978-0791404645	Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. Jossey-Bass.
Alias	intrinsic case study, constructivist case study, qualitative case study, naturalistic case study	GT, Grounded Theory Approach	Heideggerian phenomenology, interpretive phenomenology, hermeneutic inquiry, van Manen phenomenology	Narrative Analysis, Narrative Research, Life Story Method
Berkaitan	6	3	6	3
Ringkasan	Interpretive case study is a qualitative research design in which the researcher selects a bounded real-world case — a person, program, event, organization, or community — and seeks to understand it from the inside, through the meanings participants themselves construct. Unlike explanatory or descriptive case study, the interpretive variant foregrounds the researcher's active role in making sense of complex, context-laden data rather than testing hypotheses or cataloguing facts.	Grounded Theory (GT) is a systematic qualitative research methodology in which theory emerges directly from data through iterative analysis, rather than being imposed before data collection. Developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in 1967, GT prioritizes generating explanatory frameworks grounded in evidence.	Hermeneutic phenomenology is a qualitative research approach that investigates the interpreted meaning of lived experience from within the existential conditions that shape it. Rooted in Heidegger's ontology and developed as an empirical method by Max van Manen, it does not seek to bracket or suspend the researcher's understanding but instead treats that understanding as the very medium through which the meaning of experience can be disclosed. The approach is widely used in education, nursing, and social sciences to explore how people dwell in, and make sense of, their world.	Narrative inquiry is a qualitative research methodology that treats stories and life narratives as primary data, analyzing how individuals construct meaning and identity through storytelling. Developed by D. Jean Clandinin and F. Michael Connelly (2000), narrative inquiry examines the narratives people tell about their lives, experiences, and transitions, understanding that people make sense of experience through narrative.