Bandingkan kaedah

	Skala Kontak Antara Kumpulan	Skala Xenofobia
Bidang	Sosiologi Politik	Sosiologi Politik
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1954–2008	2009–2016
Pengasas	Gordon Allport, Thomas Pettigrew, Linda Tropp	Alin Ceobanu, Xavier Escandell, Elke Schlueter
Jenis	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Sumber perintis	Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Addison-Wesley.	Ceobanu, A. M., & Escandell, X. (2010). Comparative analyses of public attitudes toward immigrants and immigration using multinational survey data: The European Social Survey. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(6), 953-969.
Alias	ICS, Contact Quality Index	XS, Anti-Immigration Attitude Scale
Berkaitan	5	5
Ringkasan	The Intergroup Contact Scale measures the quantity and quality of face-to-face interaction between members of different social groups (racial, ethnic, religious, national, or other categories). Rooted in Gordon Allport's contact hypothesis (1954), which proposed that prejudice decreases when groups interact under favorable conditions, the scale is fundamental in research on prejudice reduction, integration, and intergroup relations.	The Xenophobia Scale measures fear, discomfort, or prejudice toward foreign nationals and immigrants. Unlike immigration policy preferences (which can reflect economic or pragmatic considerations), xenophobia captures affective and attitudinal dimensions—emotional threat perception, negative stereotypes, and cultural distance. Developed by migration scholars including Ceobanu and Escandell, it is essential for understanding antiforeign sentiment and discriminatory attitudes across diverse contexts.