Bandingkan kaedah

	Model Unjuran Integral	Eksperimen Respons Jadual Hayat
Bidang	Ekologi	Ekologi
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	2000	2000
Pengasas	Stephen Ellner and Mark Rees	Hal Caswell
Jenis	size-structured population projection	temporal perturbation analysis
Sumber perintis	Easterling, M. R., Ellner, S. P., & Dixon, P. M. (2000). Size-specific sensitivity: applying a new structured population model. Ecology, 81(3), 694-708.	Caswell, H. (2019). Sensitivity Analysis: Matrix Methods in Demography and Ecology. Springer.
Alias	IPM, continuous size structure, kernel model, size-structured population	LTRE, demographic analysis, vital rate contribution, elasticity analysis
Berkaitan	4	4
Ringkasan	Integral projection models (IPMs) are a class of structured population models that use continuous traits (size, age, height) to describe population dynamics. Introduced by Easterling and colleagues (2000) and developed extensively by Ellner, Rees, and collaborators, IPMs overcome limitations of age- or stage-structured models by treating individual traits as continuous. They use integration to project populations forward in time, making them particularly suitable for organisms with continuous size distributions or flexible developmental pathways. IPMs enable estimation of population growth rate (λ), sensitivity analysis, and projection under changing environmental conditions.	Life Table Response Experiments (LTRE) decompose observed temporal changes in population growth rate (lambda) into contributions from changes in specific vital rates (survival, reproduction). Developed by Caswell (2000) and applied extensively by Wisdom and colleagues, LTRE reveals which demographic changes drove observed population dynamics. For example, LTRE can show whether a population's decline was primarily due to reduced survival of juveniles, reduced fecundity of adults, or changes in other life stages. This guides targeted conservation or management.