Bandingkan kaedah

	Kajian Kes Instrumental	Fenomenologi
Bidang	Kualitatif	Kualitatif
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1995	Early 20th century (Husserl ~1900–1913; Heidegger ~1927)
Pengasas	Robert E. Stake	Edmund Husserl (transcendental); Martin Heidegger (hermeneutic)
Jenis	Qualitative research method	Qualitative research approach
Sumber perintis	Stake, R. E. (1995). The Art of Case Study Research. Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0803957671	Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological Research Methods. Sage. ISBN: 978-0803957466
Alias	instrumental case research, theory-building case study, illustrative case study, issue-driven case study	Fenomenoloji, phenomenological inquiry, phenomenological analysis
Berkaitan	6	6
Ringkasan	Instrumental case study is a qualitative research design, formalised by Robert E. Stake (1995), in which a specific case is studied primarily to gain insight into an external issue or theoretical question — not because the case itself is intrinsically important. The case serves as an instrument for understanding something broader: a policy problem, a theoretical proposition, or a generalised phenomenon. One or several cases are selected because they are expected to illuminate the issue particularly well, and the researcher moves fluidly between the case and the issue throughout the study.	Phenomenology is a qualitative research approach that investigates how participants live through and make sense of a specific experience. Rooted in the philosophy of Edmund Husserl and extended by Martin Heidegger, it aims to reveal the essential structures of lived experience rather than to measure or predict outcomes. The two most widely applied variants are Husserl's transcendental phenomenology, which seeks universal essences, and Heidegger's hermeneutic phenomenology, which emphasises interpretation within context.