Bandingkan kaedah

	Information Search Process Model	Wilson Information Behavior Model
Bidang	Library Information Science	Library Information Science
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1991	1999
Pengasas	Carol C. Kuhlthau	Tom D. Wilson
Jenis	Stage model of the holistic information search experience	Macro-model of information behaviour from need through seeking to use
Sumber perintis	Kuhlthau, C. C. (1991). Inside the search process: Information seeking from the user's perspective. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 42(5), 361-371.	Wilson, T. D. (1999). Models in information behaviour research. Journal of Documentation, 55(3), 249-270.
Alias	ISP Model, Kuhlthau Information Search Process, Uncertainty Principle of Information Seeking, Six-Stage Search Process	Wilson Model of Information Behaviour, Wilson 1981 / 1996 Model, Nested Model of Information Behaviour, Intervening Variables Model
Berkaitan	3	3
Ringkasan	The Information Search Process (ISP) model, developed by Carol Kuhlthau and consolidated in her 1991 study 'Inside the Search Process,' describes information seeking as a holistic, extended experience in which feelings, thoughts and actions evolve together across six stages. Drawing on a series of longitudinal studies of students working on research papers, Kuhlthau showed that an information search is not a smooth, rational march to an answer but an emotional journey: uncertainty and anxiety are highest in the early, exploratory phase and only subside once the seeker forms a personal focus for the work. Her 'uncertainty principle' reframed information seeking as a process of construction in the sense of George Kelly's personal construct theory, and her notion of a 'zone of intervention' gave librarians and system designers a principled account of when and how to help.	Tom Wilson's models of information behaviour, first sketched in his 1981 paper 'On user studies and information needs' and revisited in his 1999 'Models in information behaviour research,' provide an overarching map of how information behaviour arises and unfolds. Information need is treated not as a primitive but as something secondary to more basic human needs, emerging from a person-in-context. That need drives information-seeking behaviour, but the path from need to seeking is shaped by intervening variables — psychological, demographic, role-related, environmental and source-related — that act as barriers or enablers, and by activating mechanisms drawn from theories of stress and coping, risk and reward, and self-efficacy. The resulting seeking can take several modes, and information processing and use feed back to alter the original need.