Bandingkan kaedah

	Analisis Nilai Penunjuk	Analisis Topologi Jaring Makanan
Bidang	Ekologi	Ekologi
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1997	2000
Pengasas	Marc Dufrene and Pierre Legendre	Richard Williams and Neo Martinez
Jenis	species-habitat association analysis	ecological network characterization
Sumber perintis	Dufrene, M., & Legendre, P. (1997). Species assemblages and indicator species: the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecological Monographs, 67(3), 345-366.	Dunne, J. A., Williams, R. J., & Martinez, N. D. (2002). Network structure and robustness of marine food webs. The American Naturalist, 160(1), 117-129.
Alias	IndVal, indicator species, fidelity, specificity	food web structure, network topology, trophic network, food chain analysis
Berkaitan	4	4
Ringkasan	Indicator Value (IndVal) analysis, developed by Dufrene and Legendre (1997), identifies species that reliably indicate the presence of particular environmental conditions, habitat types, or community groups. The method quantifies the association between species and habitat, producing an indicator value that combines specificity (exclusive preference for certain habitats) and fidelity (consistent presence when the habitat occurs). IndVal is widely used in conservation to identify species of management concern, in habitat typing to discover indicator species, and in restoration ecology to assess whether recovered communities match reference conditions.	Food web topology analysis characterizes the structure of predator-prey interactions within ecological communities using network metrics. Pioneered by Williams and Martinez (2000) and extended by Dunne and colleagues (2002), this approach maps which species eat which and quantifies network properties (connectivity, clustering, robustness). Understanding food web structure reveals how ecosystems are organized, how stable they are to species loss, and what roles different species play in ecosystem function.