Bandingkan kaedah

	Kriteria Penulis ICMJE	Garis Panduan COPE untuk Etika Penerbitan
Bidang	Etika Penerbitan	Etika Penerbitan
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1978	1997
Pengasas	International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)	Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)
Jenis	Standard	Standard
Sumber perintis	International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (2023). Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals. ICMJE.	Committee on Publication Ethics (2023). COPE Guidelines. COPE Website.
Alias	ICMJE Authorship, Authorship Guidelines	COPE, Publication Ethics Flowcharts, Editorial Guidelines
Berkaitan	4	4
Ringkasan	The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) established the most widely adopted authorship standard in biomedical research in 1978. These criteria define who qualifies as an author and distinguish authors from contributors, establishing accountability and preventing disputes over publication credit. Used by over 10,000 journals globally, ICMJE authorship criteria form the foundation of authorship practices in medical, life science, and health-related research.	The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), founded in 1997, is an international organization of journal editors and publishers that promotes and advances research integrity and publication ethics. COPE provides practical guidance through flowcharts, position statements, and ethical guidelines addressing misconduct (fabrication, falsification, plagiarism), authorship disputes, conflicts of interest, and corrections. COPE's resources are freely available and adopted by thousands of journals globally. COPE is not a regulator; it advises editors and researchers on handling ethical issues and promotes a culture of integrity in publishing.