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| Model Linear Hierarki (HLM)× | Model Kesan Campuran× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Statistik | Statistik |
| Keluarga | Regression model | Regression model |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1992 | 1982 |
| Pengasas≠ | Bryk & Raudenbush | Laird & Ware |
| Jenis≠ | Multilevel linear regression | Mixed effects regression |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919049 | Laird, N. M., & Ware, J. H. (1982). Random-effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics, 38(4), 963–974. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | HLM, multilevel linear model, nested data model, random coefficient model | LME, LMM, mixed model, random effects model |
| Berkaitan | 4 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) is a multilevel regression method designed for data in which lower-level units (e.g., students, patients) are nested within higher-level groups (e.g., schools, hospitals). It simultaneously models within-group relationships and between-group variation, producing unbiased estimates and correct standard errors that ordinary regression cannot provide for nested data. | A mixed effects model (or linear mixed model) extends ordinary regression by including both fixed effects — population-level parameters shared by all observations — and random effects that capture subject-, group-, or cluster-level variability. It is the standard tool for repeated-measures, longitudinal, and multilevel data where observations within the same unit are correlated. |
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