Bandingkan kaedah

	Pencapanian Hierarkis	UMAP
Bidang	Pembelajaran Mesin	Pembelajaran Mesin
Keluarga	Machine learning	Machine learning
Tahun asal	1963	2018
Pengasas	Ward, J. H.	McInnes, L.; Healy, J.; Melville, J.
Jenis	Unsupervised clustering (agglomerative)	Nonlinear manifold-learning dimension reduction
Sumber perintis	Ward, J. H. (1963). Hierarchical Grouping to Optimize an Objective Function. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 58(301), 236–244.	McInnes, L., Healy, J. & Melville, J. (2018). UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Dimension Reduction. arXiv:1802.03426.
Alias	Hiyerarşik Kümeleme, hiyerarşik kümeleme, agglomerative clustering, hierarchical agglomerative clustering	UMAP (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection), uniform manifold approximation and projection, manifold dimension reduction
Berkaitan	4	5
Ringkasan	Hierarchical clustering is an unsupervised method that groups observations into nested clusters and draws the result as a dendrogram, so the number of clusters need not be fixed in advance. Its agglomerative form rests on the objective-function grouping criterion introduced by Joe Ward in 1963.	UMAP (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection) is a fast, scalable nonlinear dimension-reduction method grounded in manifold-learning theory, introduced by McInnes, Healy and Melville in 2018. It compresses high-dimensional data into a low-dimensional embedding for visualisation and downstream analysis.