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| Pencapanian Hierarkis× | Pengelompokan Spektral× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Pembelajaran Mesin | Pembelajaran Mesin |
| Keluarga | Machine learning | Machine learning |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1963 | 2002 |
| Pengasas≠ | Ward, J. H. | Ng, A. Y.; Jordan, M. I.; Weiss, Y. |
| Jenis≠ | Unsupervised clustering (agglomerative) | Graph-based clustering (spectral method) |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Ward, J. H. (1963). Hierarchical Grouping to Optimize an Objective Function. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 58(301), 236–244. DOI ↗ | Ng, A. Y., Jordan, M. I., & Weiss, Y. (2002). On Spectral Clustering: Analysis and an Algorithm. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 14, 849–856. link ↗ |
| Alias | Hiyerarşik Kümeleme, hiyerarşik kümeleme, agglomerative clustering, hierarchical agglomerative clustering | NJW spectral clustering, graph Laplacian clustering, normalized spectral clustering, spectral graph clustering |
| Berkaitan≠ | 4 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Hierarchical clustering is an unsupervised method that groups observations into nested clusters and draws the result as a dendrogram, so the number of clusters need not be fixed in advance. Its agglomerative form rests on the objective-function grouping criterion introduced by Joe Ward in 1963. | Spectral Clustering is a graph-based unsupervised learning algorithm, formalized by Ng, Jordan, and Weiss in 2002, that maps data points into a low-dimensional eigenspace derived from the similarity graph's Laplacian before applying k-means. This spectral embedding makes it possible to recover clusters of arbitrary shape — rings, crescents, interleaved spirals — that Euclidean distance-based methods consistently fail to separate. |
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