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| Skala Penilaian Kebimbangan Hamilton (HAM-A)× | Skala Penilaian Kendiri Kebimbangan Zung (ZRAS)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikologi Klinikal | Psikologi Klinikal |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1959 | 1971 |
| Pengasas≠ | Max Hamilton | William W. K. Zung |
| Jenis≠ | Clinician-administered anxiety assessment | Anxiety symptom screening |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Hamilton, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32(1), 50-55. DOI ↗ | Zung, W. W. (1971). A rating instrument for anxiety disorders. Psychosomatics, 12(6), 371-379. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | HAM-A, HARS | ZRAS, Zung Anxiety, SAS |
| Berkaitan | 5 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is a clinician-administered assessment tool for quantifying the severity of anxiety symptoms in adults. Developed by Max Hamilton in 1959, it remains one of the most widely used instruments for evaluating anxiety in clinical and research settings. The scale measures both psychological and somatic manifestations of anxiety across 14 items. | The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (ZRAS), also known as the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), is a 20-item self-report measure of anxiety symptoms. Developed by William W. K. Zung in 1971, the ZRAS assesses psychological and somatic manifestations of anxiety in the past week. It is widely used for anxiety screening in primary care, general medical settings, and mental health research. |
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