Bandingkan kaedah

	Grounded Visualization	Cultural Models Analysis	Ethnographic Interview
Bidang	Anthropology	Anthropology	Anthropology
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	2006	2005	1979
Pengasas	Qualitative GIS / mixed-methods geography tradition (Knigge & Cope)	Cognitive anthropology of cultural models (Quinn, Holland, D'Andrade, Strauss)	James P. Spradley
Jenis	Iterative integration of grounded-theory qualitative analysis with GIS visualization	Discourse-analytic method for reconstructing shared tacit cognitive schemas	Structured developmental sequence of interview questions for eliciting cultural knowledge
Sumber perintis	Bernard, H. R. (2017). Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (6th ed.). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN: 9780759112421	Quinn, N. (Ed.) (2005). Finding Culture in Talk: A Collection of Methods. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN: 9781403969132	Spradley, J. P. (1979). The Ethnographic Interview. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN: 9780030444968
Alias	Grounded Visualisation, Qualitative GIS Analysis, Grounded Theory GIS Integration, Spatially Grounded Analysis	Cultural Schema Analysis, Cultural Models Theory, Schema-Based Discourse Analysis, Finding Culture in Talk	Spradley Interview, Developmental Research Sequence Interview, Ethnographic Interviewing, Domain Elicitation Interview
Berkaitan	3	4	3
Ringkasan	Grounded visualization is a mixed-methods analytic approach that weaves grounded-theory qualitative analysis together with GIS-based spatial visualization, so that emerging codes and maps inform one another iteratively rather than sequentially. Instead of mapping results after the qualitative analysis is finished, the analyst moves back and forth: a pattern noticed while coding interviews prompts a map, the map raises a spatial question that sends the analyst back to the text, and so on. The aim is an interpretation that is simultaneously grounded in participants' accounts and attentive to the geography in which those accounts are situated.	Cultural models analysis is a discourse-analytic method for reconstructing the shared, largely tacit cognitive schemas — the cultural models — that organize how members of a group understand a domain such as marriage, success, or illness. Rather than asking people to state their models directly (they usually cannot), the analyst examines what speakers say spontaneously: the key words they reach for, the metaphors they reason with, and the assumptions their arguments take for granted. Recurring patterns across many speakers' talk are taken as traces of an underlying schema that the talk presupposes but never fully spells out.	The ethnographic interview, formalized by James Spradley, is a deliberately staged conversation whose goal is to discover how an insider categorizes and talks about their own cultural world rather than to test the researcher's categories. It proceeds through a developmental research sequence of question types — broad grand-tour questions, fine-grained descriptive questions, structural questions that probe how knowledge is organized, and contrast questions that surface the distinctions informants draw between terms. The point is not a list of facts but a reconstructed map of meanings expressed in the informant's own native terms.