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| Ground-Penetrating Radar× | NDVI× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Geofizik | Geofizik |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1989 | 1973 |
| Pengasas≠ | James Davis and Anthony Annan | Rouse, Haas, Schell, and Deering |
| Jenis≠ | Shallow subsurface electromagnetic pulse detection | Spectral index for vegetation assessment |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Davis, J. L., & Annan, A. P. (1989). Ground-penetrating radar for high-resolution mapping of soil and rock stratigraphy. Geophysical Prospecting, 37(5), 531-551. DOI ↗ | Rouse, J. W., Haas, R. H., Schell, J. A., & Deering, D. W. (1973). Monitoring vegetation systems in the Great Plains with ERTS. Third Earth Resources Technology Satellite Symposium Proceedings, 1, 309-317. link ↗ |
| Alias | GPR | NDVI |
| Berkaitan | 3 | 3 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a near-surface geophysical method that uses high-frequency electromagnetic pulses (typically 10 MHz to 2.5 GHz) to image shallow subsurface structures with exceptional spatial resolution. Pioneered by Davis and Annan in 1989, GPR is widely used in archaeology, civil engineering, environmental assessment, and shallow mineral exploration due to its ability to resolve features at decimeter to centimeter scales. | The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is a spectral index computed from satellite or aerial multispectral imagery that quantifies vegetation greenness and vigor. Introduced by Rouse and colleagues in 1973 using Landsat data, NDVI has become the most widely used remote sensing metric for vegetation monitoring, drought assessment, crop productivity forecasting, and land cover change detection. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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