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| Gross Reproduction Rate× | Net Reproduction Rate× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Demografi | Demografi |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1928 | 2001 |
| Pengasas≠ | Richard Böckh (concept) and Robert R. Kuczynski (popularization) | Richard Böckh and Robert Kuczynski (formalized in Preston, Heuveline & Guillot) |
| Jenis≠ | Single-sex summary fertility measure counting daughters per woman | Period measure of generational replacement combining fertility and mortality |
| Sumber perintis | Preston, S. H., Heuveline, P., & Guillot, M. (2001). Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. Blackwell. ISBN: 9781557864512 | Preston, S. H., Heuveline, P., & Guillot, M. (2001). Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. Blackwell. ISBN: 9781557864512 |
| Alias | GRR, Gross reproductive rate, Daughters per woman (without mortality), Brüt Üreme Hızı | NRR, Net reproduction ratio, Net reproductive rate, Net Üreme Hızı |
| Berkaitan | 4 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The gross reproduction rate is the average number of daughters a woman would bear over her lifetime if she experienced a given set of age-specific fertility rates and survived through all her childbearing years. It is a single-sex reproduction measure: by counting only daughters, it tracks how a generation of women replaces itself, ignoring the mortality that would thin the next generation. As such it sits between the total fertility rate, which counts all children, and the net reproduction rate, which discounts daughters for the chance of dying before they themselves reproduce. | The net reproduction rate (NRR) is the demographic measure of generational replacement: the average number of daughters a woman would bear who survive to the age their mother was when she bore them, given the period's age-specific fertility rates and female mortality. By combining fertility with survival, the NRR answers the fundamental question of whether a population is replacing itself — an NRR of one means each generation of women exactly reproduces the next, below one signals long-run decline, and above one signals growth. |
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