Bandingkan kaedah

	Analisis Keputusan Pelbagai Kriteria Berasaskan GIS (GIS-MCDA)	Laluan Kos Terendah / Analisis Kos-Jarak	Teknik untuk Susunan Keutamaan mengikut Keserupaan dengan Penyelesaian Ideal
Bidang	Analisis Reruang	Analisis Reruang	Pembuatan Keputusan
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	MCDM
Tahun asal	2006	1994	1981
Pengasas	Jacek Malczewski (GIS-MCDA synthesis)	Edsger Dijkstra (shortest path); GIS cost-surface adaptation	Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K.
Jenis	Spatial multi-criteria suitability/decision analysis	Raster cost-surface routing	Distance-based (compromise)
Sumber perintis	Malczewski, J. (2006). GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20(7), 703–726.	Dijkstra, E. W. (1959). A note on two problems in connexion with graphs. Numerische Mathematik, 1(1), 269–271.	Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K. (1981). Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications — A State-of-the-Art Survey. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Vol. 186, Springer-Verlag
Alias	GIS-MCDM, spatial multi-criteria analysis, GIS-AHP, weighted overlay suitability	cost-distance analysis, accumulated cost surface, least-cost corridor, en düşük maliyetli yol	—
Berkaitan	4	3	8
Ringkasan	GIS-MCDA combines the map layers of a geographic information system with multi-criteria decision analysis to produce suitability or priority maps — ranking locations by how well they satisfy several weighted criteria at once. It is the standard framework for spatial decisions such as siting hospitals, solar farms, landfills, or evacuation areas, integrating methods like AHP, TOPSIS, and weighted overlay with spatial data.	Least-cost path analysis finds the route between two locations that minimizes accumulated travel cost across a landscape, rather than minimizing straight-line distance. By encoding terrain, slope, land cover, and other frictions into a cost surface and accumulating cost outward from a source, it identifies optimal corridors for roads, pipelines, trails, power lines, and wildlife movement — a core raster-GIS technique built on Dijkstra's shortest-path logic.	TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K. in 1981. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.