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| Soal Selidik Kesihatan Umum-12 (GHQ-12)× | Skala Kemurungan Kebimbangan Stres-21 (DASS-21)× | Skala Kesusahan Psikologi Kessler-10 (K10)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikologi Klinikal | Psikologi Klinikal | Psikologi Klinikal |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1992 | 1995 | 2002 |
| Pengasas≠ | David P. Goldberg | Stephen H. Lovibond and Peter F. Lovibond | Ronald C. Kessler and colleagues |
| Jenis≠ | Psychiatric symptom screening | Three-dimensional mental health screening | Non-specific psychological distress screening |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Goldberg, D. P. (1972). The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire. Oxford University Press. link ↗ | Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Psychology Foundation of Australia. link ↗ | Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. Y., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L., ... & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959-976. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | GHQ-12, GHQ | DASS-21, DASS, DASS-42 | K10, K6, Kessler Scale |
| Berkaitan | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) is a brief, 12-item self-report screening instrument for psychological distress and mental health problems in the general population. Developed by David P. Goldberg, the GHQ-12 is the most widely used short form of the longer General Health Questionnaire series. It is designed for rapid detection of minor psychiatric morbidity and assessment of psychological well-being in clinical, occupational health, and community settings. | The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report instrument measuring three correlated but distinct dimensions of psychological distress: depression, anxiety, and stress. Developed by Lovibond and Lovibond in 1995, the DASS-21 is a short form of the original 42-item DASS. It has become widely used in research and clinical settings for its brevity, multidimensional structure, and strong psychometric properties. | The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10 (K10) is a 10-item self-report measure of non-specific psychological distress and mental health problems. Developed by Kessler and colleagues in 2002, the K10 was designed as an ultra-brief screening instrument for population surveys and epidemiological research. A shorter 6-item version (K6) is also widely used for rapid case identification. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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