Bandingkan kaedah

	Gerotranscendence Measurement	Attitudes to Aging Questionnaire
Bidang	Social Gerontology	Social Gerontology
Keluarga	Latent structure	Latent structure
Tahun asal	2005	2007
Pengasas	Lars Tornstam	Ken Laidlaw, Mick Power, Silke Schmidt & the WHOQOL-OLD Group
Jenis	Self-report scale of late-life developmental transcendence	Self-report scale of an older person's own attitudes to ageing
Sumber perintis	Tornstam, L. (2005). Gerotranscendence: A Developmental Theory of Positive Aging. Springer Publishing Company. ISBN: 9780826131348	Laidlaw, K., Power, M. J., Schmidt, S., & WHOQOL-OLD Group (2007). The Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire (AAQ): development and psychometric properties. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22(4), 367-379.
Alias	Tornstam Gerotranscendence Scale, Cosmic Transcendence Measure, Gerotranscendence Type Scale, GTS	AAQ, Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire, Laidlaw Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire, WHOQOL-OLD Attitudes Measure
Berkaitan	3	3
Ringkasan	Gerotranscendence measurement operationalizes Lars Tornstam's theory that healthy aging can culminate in a qualitative shift in how a person experiences self, others, and reality. In his 2005 book Gerotranscendence: A Developmental Theory of Positive Aging, Tornstam argued that, contrary to the view of old age as decline or as continued midlife activity, many older adults move toward a more cosmic and less materialistic outlook. The construct is captured along two principal dimensions: cosmic transcendence, a redefinition of time, space, and one's connection to earlier and future generations, and the coherent, more solitary self, marked by reduced self-centeredness and greater inner contentment. Self-report items ask respondents how much their experience has changed in these directions, and the responses are summed into dimension scores. The measure gave gerontology a way to study positive late-life development beyond activity and disengagement theories. It has been used cross-culturally and adapted into several item sets to test whether transcendence increases with age.	The Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire (AAQ) measures how older adults perceive their own experience of growing older, capturing self-directed attitudes rather than younger people's stereotypes of the old. Developed by Ken Laidlaw, Mick Power, Silke Schmidt, and the WHOQOL-OLD Group and published in 2007, it was created within the World Health Organization's cross-cultural quality-of-life programme to fill the absence of a multidimensional, older-person-centred attitude measure. The questionnaire contains 24 self-report items, eight per subscale, spanning three domains: psychosocial loss, physical change, and psychological growth. Respondents rate agreement on a Likert scale, and items are summed within each domain so that higher scores indicate a more positive attitude to ageing. Crucially, the AAQ treats ageing as having both negative and genuinely positive aspects, so the growth subscale recognizes wisdom and development rather than framing ageing only as decline. It was validated across many countries and has become a standard tool for studying self-perceptions of ageing and their links to well-being.