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| Model Sirkulasi Umum× | Persamaan Kehilangan Tanah Universal× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Geofizik | Geofizik |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1975 | 1978 |
| Pengasas≠ | Syukuro Manabe and Richard Wetherald | Waldo Wischmeier and Dwight Smith |
| Jenis≠ | Deterministic coupled atmosphere-ocean simulation | Empirical soil erosion prediction model |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Manabe, S., & Wetherald, R. T. (1975). The effects of doubling the CO2 concentration on the climate of a general circulation model. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 32(1), 3-15. DOI ↗ | Wischmeier, W. H., & Smith, D. D. (1978). Predicting rainfall erosion losses: A guide to conservation planning. USDA Agricultural Handbook 537. link ↗ |
| Alias | GCM, Global Climate Model | USLE, Revised USLE |
| Berkaitan | 3 | 3 |
| Ringkasan≠ | A General Circulation Model (GCM), also called a Global Climate Model, is a three-dimensional numerical representation of the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, ice, and land surface that simulates physical processes governing weather and climate. Pioneered by Manabe and Wetherald in 1975, GCMs are the primary tools for understanding past climate, projecting future climate change, and investigating climate sensitivity to greenhouse gases and other forcings. | The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is an empirical model that estimates annual soil loss due to sheet and rill erosion on hillslopes caused by rainfall and runoff. Developed by Wischmeier and Smith in 1978 from decades of erosion plot experiments, USLE has become a standard tool for erosion risk assessment, conservation planning, and best management practice design. The Revised USLE (RUSLE) updated the original model with improved factor algorithms. |
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