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| Model Sirkulasi Umum× | Model Berpasangan Laut-Atmosfera× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Geofizik | Geofizik |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal | 1975 | 1975 |
| Pengasas≠ | Syukuro Manabe and Richard Wetherald | Syukuro Manabe, Kirk Bryan, and others |
| Jenis≠ | Deterministic coupled atmosphere-ocean simulation | Coupled atmosphere-ocean climate system simulation |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Manabe, S., & Wetherald, R. T. (1975). The effects of doubling the CO2 concentration on the climate of a general circulation model. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 32(1), 3-15. DOI ↗ | Manabe, S., Bryan, K., & Spelman, M. J. (1975). A global ocean-atmosphere climate model with seasonal variation for future studies of climate sensitivity. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 5(1), 3-29. link ↗ |
| Alias≠ | GCM, Global Climate Model | AOGCM |
| Berkaitan | 3 | 3 |
| Ringkasan≠ | A General Circulation Model (GCM), also called a Global Climate Model, is a three-dimensional numerical representation of the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, ice, and land surface that simulates physical processes governing weather and climate. Pioneered by Manabe and Wetherald in 1975, GCMs are the primary tools for understanding past climate, projecting future climate change, and investigating climate sensitivity to greenhouse gases and other forcings. | An Ocean-Atmosphere Coupled Model (AOGCM) is a comprehensive climate simulation that couples dynamic general circulation models of the atmosphere and ocean with explicit exchange of heat, momentum, and moisture at the interface. Developed by Manabe, Bryan, and colleagues in the 1970s, coupled models are essential for simulating climate change, ocean circulation changes, and climate-ocean interactions over decadal to centennial timescales. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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