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	Gender Parity Index	Gender Inequality Index
Bidang	Gender Studies	Gender Studies
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	2003	2010
Pengasas	UNESCO Institute for Statistics	UNDP Human Development Report Office (Gaye, Klugman et al.)
Jenis	Ratio-based parity indicator	Composite inequality index
Sumber perintis	UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2009). Education Indicators: Technical Guidelines. UNESCO-UIS, Montreal.	Gaye, A., Klugman, J., Kovacevic, M., Twigg, S., & Zambrano, E. (2010). Measuring key disparities in human development: The Gender Inequality Index. Human Development Research Paper 2010/46. UNDP Human Development Report Office.
Alias	GPI, Education Gender Parity Index, UNESCO Gender Parity Index	GII, UNDP Gender Inequality Index
Berkaitan	4	4
Ringkasan	The Gender Parity Index (GPI) is a simple, widely used indicator — standardised by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics — that expresses the value of an education statistic for females relative to males as a ratio. Most commonly applied to enrolment, completion, and literacy rates, a GPI of one signals parity, values below one indicate disparity favouring males, and values above one indicate disparity favouring females. It is the standard yardstick for monitoring gender parity in education, including in the Sustainable Development Goals.	The Gender Inequality Index (GII) is a composite measure introduced by the UNDP in the 2010 Human Development Report to capture the loss in potential human development due to inequality between women and men. It combines three dimensions — reproductive health, empowerment, and labour-market participation — into a single index ranging from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (complete inequality), using an association-sensitive aggregation that penalises both gaps between the sexes and inequality across dimensions.