Bandingkan kaedah

	Skala Kemurungan Geriatrik (GDS)	Skala Depresi Pusat Penyelidikan Epidemiologi (CES-D)	Skala Kesusahan Psikologi Kessler-10 (K10)
Bidang	Psikologi Klinikal	Psikologi Klinikal	Psikologi Klinikal
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1982	1977	2002
Pengasas	Jerome A. Yesavage, Terry L. Brink, and colleagues	Lenore Sawyer Radloff	Ronald C. Kessler and colleagues
Jenis	Age-appropriate depression screening	Community-based depression assessment	Non-specific psychological distress screening
Sumber perintis	Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, V. O. (1982). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17(1), 37-49.	Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401.	Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. Y., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L., ... & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959-976.
Alias	GDS, GDS-15, GDS-30	CES-D, CESD	K10, K6, Kessler Scale
Berkaitan	5	5	5
Ringkasan	The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a 30-item self-report depression screening instrument specifically designed for older adults. Developed by Yesavage, Brink, and colleagues in 1982, the GDS addresses the unique presentation of depression in aging populations, where symptoms may differ from younger adults. A validated 15-item short form (GDS-15) is widely used in primary care and community settings for rapid screening.	The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-report instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in the general population. Developed by Lenore Radloff in 1977, the CES-D was designed for epidemiological research to rapidly identify depression in community samples. It remains a widely used measure in public health, aging research, and longitudinal cohort studies worldwide.	The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10 (K10) is a 10-item self-report measure of non-specific psychological distress and mental health problems. Developed by Kessler and colleagues in 2002, the K10 was designed as an ultra-brief screening instrument for population surveys and epidemiological research. A shorter 6-item version (K6) is also widely used for rapid case identification.