Bandingkan kaedah

	Gait Speed Assessment	Short Physical Performance Battery
Bidang	Social Gerontology	Gerontologi
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	2011	1994
Pengasas	Stephanie Studenski, Jack Guralnik and colleagues (pooled-cohort synthesis)	Jack M. Guralnik
Jenis	Performance measure of usual walking speed predicting survival and function	Performance-based assessment
Sumber perintis	Studenski, S., Perera, S., Patel, K., Rosano, C., Faulkner, K., Inzitari, M., ... & Guralnik, J. (2011). Gait speed and survival in older adults. JAMA, 305(1), 50-58.	Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., et al. (1994). A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. J Gerontol, 49(2), M85-M94.
Alias	Walking Speed Test, Usual Gait Speed, 4-Metre Walk Test, Sixth Vital Sign	SPPB
Berkaitan	3	5
Ringkasan	Gait speed assessment measures how fast a person walks over a short, fixed course at their usual pace, expressed in metres per second, and uses that single number as a remarkably powerful indicator of overall health in older adults. Often called the 'sixth vital sign,' usual walking speed integrates the function of many systems — muscles, joints, nerves, heart, lungs, and cognition — into one easily obtained measure. The decisive evidence came from Studenski and colleagues' 2011 JAMA study, which pooled individual data from nine cohorts comprising 34,485 community-dwelling older adults and showed that gait speed predicted survival across age and sex, with each 0.1 metre-per-second increment associated with better survival. Strikingly, predicted survival from age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predictions from more complex models using multiple chronic conditions and risk factors. Common interpretive thresholds — around 0.8 metres per second to flag elevated risk and roughly 1.0 metres per second or above for healthier aging — make the measure clinically actionable. Because it needs only a stopwatch and a few metres of floor, gait speed has become a cornerstone of geriatric assessment and frailty and sarcopenia criteria.	The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is a performance-based assessment developed by Guralnik and colleagues in 1994 at the National Institute on Aging to measure lower extremity physical function and functional mobility in older adults. It is widely used in clinical practice and epidemiological research to predict disability, institutionalization, and mortality in community-dwelling seniors.