Bandingkan kaedah

	Metodologi Kumpulan Fokus	Pemeriksaan Anggota dan Pengesahan Responden
Bidang	Penyelidikan Kualitatif	Penyelidikan Kualitatif
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1956	1985
Pengasas	Robert K. Merton and Paul F. Lazarsfeld	Yvonna Lincoln and Egon Guba
Jenis	Method	Method
Sumber perintis	Krueger, R. A. (1994). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research. SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-0803954366	Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-0803924314
Alias	FGD, focus group discussion, group interview	member validation, respondent validation, participant feedback, credibility check
Berkaitan	4	4
Ringkasan	Focus group discussions are a qualitative research method in which a trained moderator guides a small group (typically 6–12 participants) through structured or semi-structured discussion of a specific topic or product. Developed by Merton and Lazarsfeld in the 1950s for market research, focus groups are now widely used in health sciences, education, social sciences, and policy research. The method leverages group interaction to generate rich, contextual insights that individual interviews may not reveal.	Member checking is a quality assurance procedure in qualitative research in which the researcher shares preliminary findings, interpretations, or analytical themes with research participants and asks whether the findings accurately reflect their perspectives and experiences. Developed by Lincoln and Guba (1985) as a trustworthiness criterion, member checking is considered a key method for ensuring credibility and reducing researcher misinterpretation. The goal is to verify that the researcher has understood participants correctly and that interpretations are grounded in participants' actual meaning-making, not the researcher's assumptions. Member checking can occur at different points in research (after individual interviews, after initial analysis, or after draft findings are written) and take different forms (individual feedback, group validation, interactive discussion).