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	Analisis Mod Kegagalan dan Kesannya	Preliminary Hazard Analysis
Bidang	Pembuatan Keputusan	Disaster Studies
Keluarga	MCDM	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1995	2008
Pengasas	Stamatis, D. H.	Military system-safety practice (MIL-STD-882); codified in CCPS guidelines
Jenis	Risk priority via product of O·S·D ratings	Early-stage qualitative hazard identification and ranking
Sumber perintis	Stamatis, D. H. (1995). Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: FMEA from Theory to Execution. ASQ Quality Press ISBN: 978-0-87389-300-8	Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS). (2008). Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures (3rd ed.). Wiley-AIChE, Hoboken, NJ. ISBN: 9780471978152
Alias	—	PHA, Preliminary Hazard List Analysis, Early Hazard Analysis, Conceptual Hazard Analysis
Berkaitan	8	3
Ringkasan	FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Stamatis, D. H. in 1995. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.	Preliminary hazard analysis, or PHA, is an early-stage, qualitative technique for identifying the hazards inherent in a system before its design is detailed enough for more rigorous methods, and for ranking those hazards so that the riskiest receive attention first. Conducted in the concept or preliminary design phase, it works from the system's energy sources, hazardous materials, intended functions and operating environment to compile a hazard list, postulate how each hazard could lead to harm, and assign each a risk level from severity and likelihood ratings. The CCPS Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures present it as a foundational hazard-evaluation method, and ISO/IEC 31010 includes it among standard risk-assessment techniques. Because it is applied when changing the design is still cheap, the PHA's chief value is steering early design decisions and identifying which hazards warrant deeper study by methods such as HAZOP, FMEA or quantitative risk assessment.