Bandingkan kaedah

	Kesan Batas Bawah dan Batas Atas	Perubahan Penting Minimal Berasaskan Penanda
Bidang	Psikometrik	Psikometrik
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	2000	1989
Pengasas	Classical psychometrics	Guyatt, Jaeschke, and Singer
Jenis	Measurement validity assessment	Minimal clinically important difference estimation
Sumber perintis	McHorney, C. A. (2000). Ten recommendations for measuring health status. Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes, 2(1), 1-5.	Jaeschke, R., Singer, J., & Guyatt, G. H. (1989). Measurement of health status: Ascertaining the minimal clinically important difference. Controlled Clinical Trials, 10(4), 407-415.
Alias	Floor effect, Ceiling effect, Psychometric floor effect, Measurement floor	MCID, Minimal clinically important difference, Anchor-based MCID, Minimal important change
Berkaitan	4	4
Ringkasan	Floor and ceiling effects are psychometric phenomena in which a disproportionately large proportion of respondents achieve the lowest (floor) or highest (ceiling) possible score on a measurement scale. These effects compromise scale reliability and responsiveness, limiting the instrument's ability to distinguish among respondents and detect meaningful change over time. Systematic assessment of floor and ceiling effects is essential for evaluating the psychometric adequacy of health-related quality-of-life scales, functional status measures, and other patient-reported outcomes.	The anchor-based method for establishing Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) is a technique for determining the smallest change in a patient-reported outcome (PRO) that patients or clinicians perceive as meaningful or important. Pioneered by Guyatt, Jaeschke, and Singer in 1989, this approach anchors changes in outcome scores to external clinically meaningful events or judgments, enabling researchers and clinicians to interpret whether treatment effects represent real, patient-relevant improvements.