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| Pengumpulan Data Sensor Bersemuka× | Pemerhatian Peserta Bersemuka× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Metodologi Tinjauan | Metodologi Tinjauan |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1990s–2000s (growth with wearable/biosensor technology) | Early 20th century (Chicago School ~1920s; Spradley formalisation 1980) |
| Pengasas≠ | Emerging from ambulatory assessment and wearable computing research communities | Chicago School sociologists (Robert Park, Ernest Burgess); systematised by Raymond Gold (1958) and James Spradley (1980) |
| Jenis≠ | Quantitative / mixed-methods data collection technique | Qualitative data collection technique |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Trull, T. J., & Ebner-Priemer, U. (2013). Ambulatory assessment. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 151–176. DOI ↗ | Spradley, J. P. (1980). Participant Observation. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN: 978-0030445019 |
| Alias | in-person sensor data collection, proximate biosensor data collection, face-to-face ambulatory assessment, on-site sensor recording | in-person participant observation, direct participant observation, fieldwork participant observation, co-present observation |
| Berkaitan≠ | 4 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Face-to-face sensor data collection involves attaching or deploying sensors — physiological, motion, environmental, or proximity-based — on or around participants during in-person research sessions. The co-present setting allows direct researcher oversight of equipment, real-time signal monitoring, and immediate troubleshooting, yielding high-fidelity continuous or event-triggered data streams that capture objective behavioral and physiological indicators as they unfold. | Face-to-face participant observation is a qualitative data collection technique in which the researcher physically enters a setting and engages with participants in real time to document social behaviour, interactions, and meaning-making as they naturally occur. Unlike online or remote variants, the researcher is bodily present, enabling direct sensory access to context, non-verbal cues, and the full texture of everyday life in the setting under study. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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