Bandingkan kaedah

	Pengharapan Penghantaran (EP)	Anggaran Laplace
Bidang	Bayesian	Bayesian
Keluarga	Bayesian methods	Bayesian methods
Tahun asal	2001	1986
Pengasas	Thomas P. Minka	Pierre-Simon Laplace (1774); Bayesian formalisation: Tierney & Kadane (1986)
Jenis	Approximate inference algorithm	Analytical posterior approximation
Sumber perintis	Minka, T. P. (2001). Expectation propagation for approximate Bayesian inference. In Proceedings of the Seventeenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-01), pp. 362–369. Morgan Kaufmann.	Tierney, L. & Kadane, J. B. (1986). Accurate approximations for posterior moments and marginal densities. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 81(393), 82–86.
Alias	EP, expectation propagation, EP algorithm, assumed-density filtering generalisation	Laplace's method, saddle-point approximation (Bayesian), second-order Gaussian approximation, LA
Berkaitan	3	3
Ringkasan	Expectation Propagation (EP) is a deterministic message-passing algorithm for approximate posterior inference in Bayesian models, introduced by Thomas P. Minka at UAI 2001. It iteratively refines a set of local approximate factors — each drawn from the exponential family — so that their product closely matches the true intractable posterior, achieving higher accuracy than mean-field variational inference on many probabilistic machine learning tasks.	The Laplace approximation is a classical analytic technique that replaces an intractable posterior distribution with a multivariate Gaussian centred at the posterior mode, using the curvature of the log-posterior at that mode to set the covariance. Formalised for Bayesian statistics by Tierney and Kadane (1986) in their landmark Journal of the American Statistical Association paper, it provides a fast, deterministic alternative to Markov chain Monte Carlo and forms the mathematical core of Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations (INLA).