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| Skala Kesejahteraan Eksistensial (EWB)× | Skala Pengalaman Spiritual Harian (DSES)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikologi Agama | Psikologi Agama |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1982 | 2002 |
| Pengasas≠ | Raymond F. Paloutzian & Craig W. Ellison | Lynn G. Underwood & Jeanne A. Teresi |
| Jenis | Self-report | Self-report |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Paloutzian, R. F., & Ellison, C. W. (1982). Loneliness, spiritual well-being, and the quality of life. In L. A. Peplau & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A Sourcebook of Current Theory, Research and Therapy (pp. 224–237). Wiley. ISBN: 9780471084846. link ↗ | Underwood, L. G., & Teresi, J. A. (2002). The Daily Spiritual Experience Scale: Development, theoretical description, reliability, exploratory factor analysis, and preliminary construct validity using health-related data. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24(1), 22–33. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | EWB, Existential Well-Being | DSES |
| Berkaitan | 4 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Existential Well-Being Scale (EWB), developed by Paloutzian and Ellison in 1982, is a 10-item self-report measure of existential meaning and well-being: the sense that one's life has purpose, direction, and intrinsic value. Derived from the larger Spiritual Well-Being Scale (which includes religious well-being), the EWB focuses on the secular dimension of well-being—not faith or religious conviction, but existential satisfaction and sense of purpose. It has become widely used in psychology and health research to assess meaning, life satisfaction, and resilience factors protective against depression, anxiety, and suicide. | The DSES, developed by Underwood and Teresi in 2002, is a 16-item self-report measure designed to capture the frequency and depth of spiritual experiences that occur in everyday life. Unlike scales that measure religious affiliation or institutional participation, the DSES assesses whether and how often individuals report direct, lived spiritual experience—moments of connection to something transcendent, sacred, or divine. It has become widely used in health services research, chaplaincy, and gerontological studies to quantify spiritual well-being and predict psychological and health outcomes. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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