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| Skala Kebolehpercayaan Kesihatan Elektronik (eHEALS)× | Skala Penglibatan Pesakit× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Informatik Kesihatan | Informatik Kesihatan |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 2006 | 2004 |
| Pengasas≠ | George R. Norman, Herbert A. Skinner | Judith H. Hibbard, Janice Stockard, Ellen R. Mahoney, Martin Tusler |
| Jenis | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Norman, G. R., & Skinner, H. A. (2006). eHEALS: The eHealth Literacy Scale. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 8(4), e27. DOI ↗ | Hibbard, J. H., Stockard, J., Mahoney, E. R., & Tusler, M. (2004). Development of the Patient Activation Measure (PAM): Conceptualizing and measuring activation in patients and consumers. Health Services Research, 39(4), 1005–1026. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | eHEALS | PES, Patient Engagement |
| Berkaitan | 3 | 3 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The eHealth Literacy Scale measures individuals' ability to seek, find, understand, and appraise health information from electronic sources and apply that knowledge to health decision-making. Developed by Norman and Skinner in 2006, it assesses functional, communicative, and critical digital health literacy competencies essential for navigating modern health technologies and online medical information. | The Patient Engagement Scale measures the degree to which patients take active responsibility for managing their health and healthcare. Developed by Hibbard and colleagues (2004), the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) operationalizes engagement as a progression from awareness of health issues through confident self-management, capturing the psychological, behavioural, and confidence dimensions essential for patient participation in shared decision-making and chronic disease management. |
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