Bandingkan kaedah

	Penilaian Perkhidmatan Ekosistem	Rangka Kerja DPSIR
Bidang	Kemampanan	Kemampanan
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1997	1993
Pengasas	Robert Costanza, Rudolf de Groot, and team	OECD, refined by European Environment Agency
Jenis	Valuation method	Diagnostic framework
Sumber perintis	Costanza, R., d'Arge, R., de Groot, R., Farberk, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., ... & van den Belt, M. (1997). The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387(6630), 253-260.	European Environment Agency (1999). Environmental Indicators: Typology and Overview. EEA Technical Report No. 25. Copenhagen: EEA.
Alias	ESV, Natural capital accounting, Environmental valuation	DPSIR, PSR, Pressure-State-Response
Berkaitan	3	3
Ringkasan	Ecosystem Services Valuation (ESV) is a framework pioneered by Costanza and colleagues (1997) that assigns economic value to the benefits nature provides to humanity—from pollination and water purification to climate regulation and cultural enjoyment. Formalized in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) and The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB 2010), ESV bridges ecology and economics to make the invisible value of ecosystems visible to policymakers and markets.	The DPSIR Framework (Driving force, Pressure, State, Impact, Response) is a diagnostic and policy tool developed by the OECD (1993) and refined by the European Environment Agency (1999) to structure environmental and sustainability problems. It organizes causal relationships from economic activity through to policy interventions, enabling governments and organizations to identify where to intervene for environmental improvement.