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	Penyelesaian Soalan Adaptif Domain	Soalan Dijawab dengan Penalaan Halus
Bidang	Pembelajaran Mendalam	Pembelajaran Mendalam
Keluarga	Machine learning	Machine learning
Tahun asal	2019–2020	2016–2019
Pengasas	Multiple (e.g., Garg et al.; Yue et al.)	Devlin et al. (BERT); Rajpurkar et al. (SQuAD benchmark)
Jenis	Domain adaptation for extractive/generative QA	Transfer learning / fine-tuning for extractive or generative QA
Sumber perintis	Garg, S., Vu, T., & Moschitti, A. (2020). TANDA: Transfer and Adapt Pre-Trained Transformer Models for Answer Sentence Selection. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 34(5), 7780–7788.	Devlin, J., Chang, M.-W., Lee, K., & Toutanova, K. (2019). BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding. Proceedings of NAACL-HLT 2019, 4171–4186.
Alias	DA-QA, domain-adapted QA, domain-specific question answering, cross-domain question answering	fine-tuned QA, neural QA with fine-tuning, extractive QA fine-tuning, reading comprehension fine-tuning
Berkaitan	6	5
Ringkasan	Domain-adaptive Question Answering (DA-QA) adapts a pre-trained language model — typically BERT or RoBERTa — first trained on general QA benchmarks such as SQuAD to answer questions accurately in a new target domain (e.g., biomedical, legal, financial) where labelled data is scarce. Combining domain-adaptive pre-training with task fine-tuning yields substantially stronger performance than direct fine-tuning alone.	Fine-Tuned Question Answering adapts a large pre-trained language model — such as BERT, RoBERTa, or a GPT-family model — to answer natural-language questions over a given context passage or knowledge base. The model learns to locate answer spans or generate free-form answers by continuing training on labeled QA pairs after general-purpose pre-training.