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| Analisis Dokumen× | Kaedah Sintesis Bukti Kualitatif× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Penyelidikan Kualitatif | Penyelidikan Kualitatif |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1920 | 1988 |
| Pengasas≠ | Max Weber and Karl Mannheim | George Noblit and Dwight Hare |
| Jenis | Method | Method |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Scott, J. (1990). A Matter of Record: Documentary Sources in Social Research. Polity Press. ISBN: 978-0745608419 | Noblit, G. W., & Hare, R. D. (1988). Meta-ethnography: Synthesizing Qualitative Studies. SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-0803931725 |
| Alias | documentary analysis, textual analysis, content analysis of documents, archival research | qualitative meta-synthesis, meta-ethnography, thematic synthesis, systematic review of qualitative studies |
| Berkaitan | 4 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Document analysis is a systematic qualitative research method for examining written, visual, or audiovisual sources—such as policy documents, historical records, organizational records, media reports, emails, social media posts, photographs, or videos—to extract meaning, identify patterns, and understand social phenomena. Developed by Weber and Mannheim in early 20th-century sociology, the method bridges historical research, content analysis, and textual interpretation. Document analysis is used across disciplines to understand organizational change, policy evolution, media representation, historical events, and cultural meaning. Documents provide evidence of what organizations, institutions, or societies value, decide, and communicate, often revealing contradictions between policy and practice. | Qualitative evidence synthesis (QES) is a systematic method for combining and interpreting findings from multiple qualitative research studies to generate higher-level understanding and theory. Different approaches—meta-ethnography, thematic synthesis, meta-narrative review, critical interpretive synthesis—each have distinct philosophical underpinnings and analytical procedures. Introduced by Noblit and Hare (1988) with meta-ethnography, qualitative synthesis has evolved alongside systematic reviews of quantitative research. Unlike quantitative meta-analysis, which pools numerical effect sizes, qualitative synthesis integrates concepts, themes, and interpretations from primary studies, identifying patterns, conflicts, and emergent theory. QES is increasingly used in health research, social sciences, and education to understand complex phenomena, translate research into practice, and identify gaps in evidence. |
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