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| Teknik Delphi× | Tinjauan Dalam Talian× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Metodologi Tinjauan | Metodologi Tinjauan |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1950s–1963 | Mid-1990s (widespread scholarly adoption ~1995–2000) |
| Pengasas≠ | Norman Dalkey and Olaf Helmer (RAND Corporation) | Mick P. Couper, Don A. Dillman (early systematic frameworks) |
| Jenis≠ | Iterative expert consensus technique | Quantitative / mixed-methods data collection technique |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Dalkey, N., & Helmer, O. (1963). An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458–467. DOI ↗ | Couper, M. P. (2000). Web surveys: A review of issues and approaches. Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(4), 464–494. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | Delphi method, Delphi survey, expert consensus method, iterative expert panel | web survey, internet survey, e-survey, computer-assisted web interviewing |
| Berkaitan | 6 | 6 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Delphi technique is a structured, multi-round data collection method that harvests and refines expert opinion through iterative questionnaires and controlled feedback. Developed at RAND Corporation in the 1950s, it is designed to converge a dispersed expert panel toward a reliable consensus on complex, uncertain, or future-oriented questions — without the conformity pressures of face-to-face group discussion. | An online survey is a structured data collection instrument hosted on a web platform and completed by respondents via internet-connected devices. It enables large-scale, geographically dispersed data gathering at low cost and with rapid turnaround. Respondents self-administer the questionnaire at their convenience, which reduces interviewer bias and permits automatic data capture. Online surveys are the dominant mode of survey research in social, behavioural, health, and market research today. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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