Bandingkan kaedah

	Penipuan dan Penjelasan Selepas Kajian (Debriefing) dalam Penyelidikan	Proses Permohonan Jawatankuasa Etika
Bidang	Etika Penyelidikan	Etika Penyelidikan
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1982	1991
Pengasas	American Psychological Association; International research ethics community	U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; International research oversight organizations
Jenis	Guideline	Guideline
Sumber perintis	U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2018). Protection of Human Subjects. Code of Federal Regulations Title 45, Part 46, Section 46.116(a)(5).	U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2018). Protection of Human Subjects. Code of Federal Regulations Title 45, Part 46, Section 46.109.
Alias	deceptive research, deception studies, debriefing, informed deception	IRB application, REC application, ethics approval, protocol submission
Berkaitan	5	5
Ringkasan	Deception in research—withholding information about study procedures, hypotheses, or true purpose—is ethically permissible under limited circumstances when specific criteria are met. The regulatory framework (45 CFR 46.116(a)(5) in the U.S.; APA Ethical Code Section 8.07) allows deception if: (1) it is not reasonably possible to conduct the research without deception, (2) the deception does not involve risks greater than 'minimal risk,' and (3) participants receive full disclosure and the opportunity to withdraw data after debriefing. Deception is particularly common in social and behavioral research (studying prejudice, conformity, ethical decision-making) where awareness of the true hypothesis would fundamentally alter behavior. Understanding when deception is justified and how to implement it ethically is essential for behavioral researchers.	Submitting a research protocol to an ethics committee (IRB, REC, or equivalent) is a mandatory procedural gateway in human subjects research. The application process requires researchers to document their study design, justify scientific rationale, disclose risks and benefits, provide participant protections (informed consent forms), and address ethical considerations. The submission includes a completed ethics application form, protocol document, consent forms, researcher CVs, and evidence of institutional support. This standardized process enables ethics committees to conduct rigorous, timely, and consistent review before research commences.