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| COSY× | ATR-FTIR× | NOESY× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Spektroskopi | Spektroskopi | Spektroskopi |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1976 | 1961 | 1981 |
| Pengasas≠ | Wüthrich Kurt | Joop Fahrenfort | Richard Ernst |
| Jenis≠ | Two-dimensional pulse sequence | Vibrational spectroscopy technique | Two-dimensional pulse sequence |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Aue, W. P., Bartholdi, E., & Ernst, R. R. (1976). Two-dimensional spectroscopy. Application to nuclear magnetic resonance. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 64(5), 2229-2246. DOI ↗ | Harrick, N. J. (1960). Study of physics of internal reflection from metals. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 13(2), 143-155. link ↗ | Aue, W. P., Bartholdi, E., & Ernst, R. R. (1976). Two-dimensional spectroscopy. Application to nuclear magnetic resonance. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 64(5), 2229-2246. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | COSY NMR, 2D COSY, 1H-1H COSY | ATR-IR, attenuated total reflectance, FTIR spectroscopy | NOE spectroscopy, 2D NOESY, NOE NMR |
| Berkaitan≠ | 4 | 3 | 3 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY) is a two-dimensional NMR technique that correlates proton chemical shifts through scalar coupling (J-coupling), revealing which protons are magnetically coupled and hence bonded through multiple bonds. Developed by Aue, Bartholdi, and Ernst in 1976, COSY became one of the most important tools in structural elucidation, enabling chemists to map out proton connectivity patterns and deduce molecular topology without isotopic labeling. | Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a variant of conventional FTIR that measures infrared absorption through evanescent-wave interrogation of samples in direct contact with a high-refractive-index crystal. Developed by Harrick and Fahrenfort in the 1960s, ATR-FTIR is now the dominant form of FTIR spectroscopy, enabling rapid, non-destructive characterization of organic compounds, polymers, coatings, and biological materials without extensive sample preparation. | Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement Spectroscopy (NOESY) is a 2D NMR technique that detects through-space dipolar coupling between protons, rather than through-bond scalar coupling. Introduced by Macura and Ernst in 1981, NOESY reveals which protons are spatially close in the three-dimensional structure, independent of bonding connectivity. This makes NOESY invaluable for determining molecular conformation, assigning stereochemistry, and elucidating protein folds. |
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