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| Reka Bentuk Lahan Basah Binaan× | Penilaian Impak Alam Sekitar× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Kejuruteraan Alam Sekitar | Kejuruteraan Alam Sekitar |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1973 | 1970 |
| Pengasas≠ | Seidel and Kickuth | U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) |
| Jenis≠ | integrated pipeline design | systematic assessment and decision-support pipeline |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Kadlec, R. H., & Wallace, S. D. (2009). Treatment Wetlands (2nd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN: 978-1566706124 | Glasson, J., Therivel, R., & Chadwick, A. (2005). Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415303910 |
| Alias | CW design, treatment wetlands, natural treatment systems, artificial wetlands | EIA, impact assessment, environmental screening, cumulative effects assessment |
| Berkaitan≠ | 5 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Constructed wetland design is an environmental engineering approach that harnesses natural biological and chemical processes—microorganism metabolism, plant uptake, soil sorption, sedimentation—to treat wastewater, stormwater, and agricultural runoff. Developed systematically in the 1970s by German researchers Seidel and Kickuth, constructed wetlands operate with minimal energy input and create amenity and biodiversity co-benefits alongside treatment. The design process integrates hydrology, biogeochemistry, and landscape planning to optimize contaminant removal. | Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic, structured process to identify, predict, and evaluate the environmental and social consequences of proposed development projects (infrastructure, extraction, manufacturing) before implementation. Mandated by law in most jurisdictions since the 1970s (NEPA in USA, EU Directive 2011/92/EU), EIA integrates scientific analysis of air quality, water resources, biodiversity, noise, and socioeconomic effects with stakeholder consultation and decision-making frameworks to inform project approval, design modification, or rejection. |
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