Bandingkan kaedah

	Konflik Kepentingan dalam Penyelidikan	Laporan Belmont	Prinsip Integriti Penyelidikan
Bidang	Etika Penyelidikan	Etika Penyelidikan	Etika Penyelidikan
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	2013	1979	2007
Pengasas	Multiple (NIH, ICMJE, institutional COI policies)	National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research (US DHEW)	Multiple (National Academies, NIH/ORI, ESOMAR, individual discipline standards)
Jenis	Guideline	Framework	Framework
Sumber perintis	International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. (2023). Defining the Role of Authors and Contributors. ICMJE Recommendations for Manuscript Authorship.	National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. (1979). The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.	National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2017). Fostering Integrity in Research. The National Academies Press.
Alias	COI, Conflicts of Interest	Belmont Principles, Three Ethical Principles	Responsible Conduct of Research, RCR, Research Ethics Standards
Berkaitan	3	5	4
Ringkasan	A conflict of interest (COI) in research exists when a researcher has financial, professional, or personal interests that might bias their research judgment or outcomes. Conflicts are inherent in research communities—researchers often have legitimate stakes in their research's success—but unmanaged conflicts compromise research integrity and public trust. Managing COI requires transparent disclosure, institutional oversight, and proactive mitigation strategies to minimize bias risk while allowing legitimate research to proceed.	The Belmont Report (1979) is the foundational US ethical framework for human subjects research, established by the National Commission following the Tuskegee Syphilis Study scandal. It articulates three core principles—Respect for Persons, Beneficence, and Justice—that form the basis for institutional review and regulatory oversight of human research globally. Every researcher conducting human studies must understand and apply these principles.	Research integrity encompasses the ethical and professional standards that guide responsible conduct in all aspects of research—from study design and data collection through analysis, reporting, and publication. The core principles—honesty, transparency, accountability, respect, and stewardship—ensure that research is trustworthy, reproducible, and contributes legitimate knowledge. These principles are universal across disciplines and are enforced through institutional policies, professional standards, and regulatory oversight. Violations of research integrity undermine scientific credibility and can harm subjects, institutions, and public trust.