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| Skala Kebimbangan Komputer× | Skala Teknostres× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Sistem Maklumat | Sistem Maklumat |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1987 | 2007 |
| Pengasas≠ | Rosen, Sears & Weil | Tarafdar, Tu, Ragu-Nathan |
| Jenis≠ | Likert-scale anxiety measure | Likert-scale stress measure |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Rosen, L. D., Sears, D. C., & Weil, M. M. (1987). Computerphobia. Journal of School Psychology, 25(3), 221-232. DOI ↗ | Tarafdar, M., Tu, Q., Ragu-Nathan, B. S., & Ragu-Nathan, T. S. (2007). The impact of technostress on role stress and productivity. Journal of Management Information Systems, 24(1), 301-328. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | CARS, Computer Anxiety Rating Scale | Techno-stress, Technology-induced stress |
| Berkaitan | 4 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Computer Anxiety Rating Scale (CARS) was developed by Rosen, Sears, and Weil in 1987 to measure the emotional distress and fear individuals experience when thinking about using computers or engaging with computer technology. CARS is a foundational instrument in understanding psychological barriers to technology adoption and has been widely applied across education, workplace training, and organizational digital transformation contexts. | The Technostress Scale, developed by Tarafdar, Tu, Ragu-Nathan, and colleagues (2007), measures the stress and negative emotions experienced by employees due to information technology use in the workplace. The scale captures five dimensions of technostress: techno-overload (excessive workload from technology demands), techno-invasion (inability to disconnect from work), techno-complexity (difficulty mastering new technology), techno-insecurity (fear of job loss due to automation), and techno-uncertainty (constant changes in technology). Technostress is linked to decreased productivity, increased burnout, and job dissatisfaction. |
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